This is a different view appeared in a book "the 100 most influential people in history" by an American historian (name forgotten). He list four mathematicians (and seven or eight Chinese in all fields). Two of them are Euler and Newton (no surprise), and the other two are Euclid and Descartes, surprisingly, not Gauss and Archimedes. Why? The historian gave a short explanation. (Well, I just read the Chinese version many years ago and the following is translated from my memory.)www.ddhw.com First of all, he is giving the four most influential mathematicians, not the four best. Archimedes was surely great. However, his work was not very influential, in fact, we do not know much about his work now. Some of his ideas were re-discovered by Newton and people only remembered Newton. www.ddhw.com On the other hand, Euclid, who himself might have not done any great work (he even did not exist), wrote an influential book. It is the foundation of modern math. About Gauss. Yes, he is a great mathematician, one of the best, but his work did not improve people's life so much as other famous mathematicians, such as Newton and Descartes. Descartes's work made many later work, e.g., Newton's work, possible. His work let math walk into many fields. So, since Fermat is of the same level as Descartes, he is also very great. www.ddhw.com
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