假设每次投硬币得正面和反面的概率是一样的, 也就是说是1/2. 那末www.ddhw.com 1. 如果乙的正面数是M, M 属于[0, N], 那末甲必须至少得到M+1才能赢. 2. 甲的正面数的概率是 1) M = 0; M + 1 = 1; 也就是甲至少有一个正面的概率是 PROB = 1 - (1/2)^(N+1); 2) M = 1; M + 1 = 2; PROB = 1 - [(1/2)^(N+1) + (N+1)(1/2)^(N+1)]; 3) M = K -1; M + 1 = K; PROB = 1 - [(1/2)^(N+1) + (N+1)(1/2)^(N+1) + ... + (N+1)!/((K-1)! (N+2-K)!(1/2)^(N+2-K)]www.ddhw.com = 1 - (1/2)^(N+1) [1 + (N+1) + (N+1)N/2 + ... +(N+1)!/((K-1)!(N+2-K)!)] 所以甲胜的概率是 PROB = 1 - (1/2)^(N+1)[1 + (N+1)+ (N+1)N/2 + ... +(N+1)!/(M!(N+1-M)!)] 当M<N/2 时,甲胜的概率 > 50% 当M>N/2 时,甲胜的概率 < 50% 当M=N/2 时,甲胜的概率 = 50% www.ddhw.com
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