for n people, the probability that they all have different B-day is P1=(365*364*363*362*...*(365-n+1)/365^n The complimentary of it is the probability of at least two people having same B-day P2=1-P1 Here are some numbers n = 10, P2=0.1411 n = 20, P2 = 0.4437 n = 22, P2 =0.5073 n = 30, P2 =0.7305 n = 50, P2= 0.9704 Notice that for 22 people, the odds that at least two people having same B-day is greater than half. There is this famous application to a soccer match. There are 22 players on the field. The chance is better than 50% that at least two players have same B-day. If you count the three referees (25 people altogether), the chance is 0.5982. Q.E.D. |
楼上xiangdang 回答得很正确。在一个50人的聚会中,出现两个人生日相同的概率为 97%。 换句话说,出现生日相同的情况几乎是铁定的。 对于第一次遇到这道题目的人,我想97%这一结果一定出乎大家的意料,觉得出现生日相同概率这么高,有点不可思议。 那么为什么会出现这样的感觉错误?我的猜测是,当人们考虑这一问题的时候,会很自然的把它与自己生日相同的情况的概率等同起来,所以才会出现这样的出乎意料。 不知道有没有其他更好地解释。 |
圣诞在中餐馆聚餐, wish you were there. Happy new year! |
理不清,从小数学就不好。 |
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