受太阳的引力,地球在轨道上环绕太阳公转而不会掉的太阳上也不会逃离太阳,需要的速度根据公式V=(GM/R)的平方根(也就是对太阳而言,在地球位置的第一宇宙速度的公式),可推出太阳的质量 M = V2*R/G。 且知道了地球的平均公转速度V(2.979e4米/s)、G=6.67e-11、R=日地平均距离1.5e11米.套上去就可以算的太阳的质量约为2e30千克。 |
地球质量好算,知道重力加速度和万有引力常数,从牛顿第二定律和万有引力定律就可推出地球质量: mg = F = (G*me*m/R2) g = G*me/R2 me = g*R2/G = 5.9742 *1024 kg 式中: g 为重力加速度 G 为万有引力常数 R 为地球平均半径 ------------------------------------ 确定恒星质量有几种办法,这里是个简介,大家自己看吧,懒得翻了: Measuring the mass of stars in binary systems is easy. Binary systems are sets of two or more stars in orbit about each other. By measuring the size of the orbit, the stars' orbital speeds, and their orbital periods, we can determine exactly what the masses of the stars are. We can take that knowledge and then apply it to similar stars not in multiple systems. We also can easily measure the luminocity and temperature of any star. A plot of luminocity versus temperature for a set of stars is called a Hertsprung-Russel (H-R) diagram, and it turns out that most stars lie along a thin band in this diagram known as the main Sequence. Stars arrange themselves by mass on the Main Sequence, with massive stars being hotter and brighter than their small-mass bretheren. If a star falls on the Main Sequence, we therefore immediately know its mass. In addition to these methods, we also have an excellent understanding of how stars work. Our models of stellar structure are excellent predictors of the properties and evolution of stars. As it turns out, the mass of a star determines its life history from day 1, for all times thereafter, not only when the star is on the Main Sequence. So actually, the position of a star on the H-R diagram is a good indicator of its mass, regardless of whether it's on the Main Sequence or not. 本贴由[有空想想]最后编辑于:2006-2-5 1:12:10 |
万有引力常数,是牛顿的万有引力定律: 之中的常数, 符號是。 其值约等于6.67259×10-11 千克-1·米3·秒-2,它是由英国物理学家亨利·卡文迪许在1798年通过扭秤测得的。近代一些物理学家认为重力常數并非是一个恒定的值,而是随宇宙年龄的增长而逐渐变大。不过目前还没有可靠的实验证据显示万有引力常数是变化的。 重力加速度 的测量很简单,通过测量单摆周期就可以得到。公式为
测量恒星间距离 ,对于不是太远的星体(500光年以内),所用的主要方法是(古老的,中学教过的)三角视差法。对于遥远的星体的距离测量,方法就复杂多了。这里是个问答,大家自己看吧。 http://www.wonderquest.com/parallax.htm |
都是小时候读的,也不知记错了没有。 地球的重量可以用万有引力公式直接算。其余的要先算距离。算日地距离是在地球上找距离很远的两点,然后同时观测太阳。这样就形成了一个已知两角一边的三角形,可以算出太阳距离。有了距离就可以用地球公转速度算出太阳重量。 算其它星球距离要在地球上相隔6个月的时间两次观测同一个星球,根据角度差及日地距离就能算出该星球的距离。知道距离后首先可以算出双星的重量。(双星即两个恒星在一起围着共同质心旋转,用两星间距离和旋转速度可以算出重量。)算了足够多双星后就能发现重量与温度和绝对亮度之间的关系。(大概就是好好想想说的什么公式了?)然后再用颜色算出温度,用距离和相对亮度算出绝对亮度。 |
欢迎光临 珍珠湾ART (http://zzwav.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3 |